Tenses And Conditional If

Tenses

The concept of time can be split into:

The Present - What you are currently doing.  

I eat, I am eating                                 

The Past - What you did some time back. 

I ate, I was eating

The Future - What you will do later. 

I will eat, I will be eating                                            

In the English language, tenses play an important role in sentence formation.

The tense of a verb shows the time of an event or action.

 There are four types of tenses. Simple, Perfect, Continuous and Present Perfect Continuous and each of these has a present, past and future form.

 PRESENT TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

In Simple Present, the action is simply mentioned and there is nothing being said about its completeness.

I eat.

I sleep.

I play.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Present Continuous, the action is on-going/ still going on and hence continuous.

I am eating.

I am sleeping.

I am playing.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

In Present Perfect, the action is complete or has ended and hence termed Perfect.

I have eaten.

I have slept.

I have played.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Present Perfect Continuous, the action has been taking place for some time and is still ongoing.

I have been eating.

I have been sleeping.

I have been playing.

PAST TENSES

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

In Simple Past, the action is simply mentioned and understood to have taken place in the past.

I ate.

I slept.

I played.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

In Past Continuous, the action was ongoing till a certain time in the past.

I was eating.

I was sleeping.

I was playing.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past Perfect is used to express something that happened before another action in the past.

I had eaten.

I had slept.

I had played.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Perfect Continuous is used to express something that started in the past and continued until another time in the past.

I had been eating.

I had been sleeping.

I had been playing.

FUTURE TENSES

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Simple Future is used when we plan or make a decision to do something. Nothing is said about the time in the future.

I will eat.

I will sleep.

I will play.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

The future continuous tense is used to express action at a particular moment in the future. However, the action will not have finished at the moment.

I will be eating at 9 a.m.

I will be sleeping when you arrive.

I will be playing at 5 p.m.

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Future Perfect expresses action that will occur in the future before another action in the future.

I will have eaten before 10 a.m.

I will have slept before you arrive.

I will have played before 6 p.m.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Future Perfect Continuous is used to talk about an on-going action before some point in the future.

I will have been sleeping for two hours when you arrive.

I will have been playing for an hour when it is 5 p.m.

Conditional Clause and Main Clause

1. First conditional:     If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.

2. Second conditional:            If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.

3. Third conditional:   If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.

Conditional clause      Main clause

1. If + Present Tense   will + inf / present tense / imperative

 If you help me with the dishes (if + pres),

I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)

If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three,

the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)

If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).

2. If + Past Tense        would + inf

3. If + Past Perfect Tense       would have + past participle

We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause,

only in the main clause.

Uses of the Conditional

First conditional

Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.

Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.

e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.

If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.

Second conditional

Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.

Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.

e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.

If I were you, I would tell my father.

Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a presidential candidate)

If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy: improbable)

If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.

If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)

Third conditional

Nature: unreal

Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)

e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have).

Toefl Test Listening Section Strategy

          During the toefl listening we have to fully prepared. we have to train more and more. Without practice and study the test should be really hard and difficult. There’s some strategy for toefl test on listening section.

1.Listen to spoken English from multiple sources as much as possible. Such as listen to English spoken moves and English spoken TV channels, listen to the radio and as many other listening sources as you may find. The more you practice listening with this method the better listener you will become.

2.Listen for the main idea. Its usually found at the beginning of the listening passages, while the details are dispersed throughout the lecture, but the main idea will give you understanding of what the conversation is all about. Then you may listen for the details later.

3.Learn to find how the ideas are presented in the listening passage. Some of the main relations between ideas such as cause/effect, compare/contrast, and steps in a process

4.Learn to listen for signal words that indicate different part of the passage such as introduction,major steps,examples,conclusions,etc.

5.Build your vocabulary. While listening, try to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words from context. It’s very important since there’s a big chance to come across words you don’t know at the real test. Then you should guess their meaning. Write down every word you don’t understand and include it in your wordlist. Try to memorize it and use it more in your speaking and writing.

6.Practice note taking. Note taking is allowed during all sections of toefl test. Note taking may highly improve your performance. It’s almost impossible to memorize all clues and all the details provided in the listening section. Moreover you can hear the passage only once. Therefore, to answer the questions you have to rely on what you remember from the passage and your notes.

7.Summarize in writing what you’ve heard using your notes. You’ll learn to find the purpose and main idea of listening, and also the most important details. You’ll also learn to take and use notes. It also improving your writing skills.

8.Familiarize yourself with the type of questions. Make sure that during the preparation you learn what answers are required by the different types of question. Some questions may ask you to provide two answers, others to click in a chart box. If you’re familiar with the question types, you don’t have to wasting your time in one question.

          Besides the strategy above you still have to pay attention, the timer will only count down in the silence that follows the narrator reading the question. Of all the sections, this is the only one where students don’t need much help with timing: 10 minutes is actually enough. Still, here’s a general breakdown for how much time you should spend on each listening. Each question should take you about 35 seconds to answer.

    10 min. - 7 min.: answer 1 - 5 of the conversation (3 min)

    7 min. - 3:30 min.: answer 6 - 11 of the lecture (3 min 30 sec)

    3:30 min. - 0 min.: answer 12 - 17 of the discussion lecture (3 min 30 sec)

          Be aware that sometimes the order of the listenings will change in a set, so you might hear the discussion lecture first. However, this doesn’t happen often. You should also memorize the total time for each listening, which is in parentheses.

          When one set finishes, the other will begin shortly. Again, each set will contain exactly 3 listenings: a conversation, lecture, and discussion lecture. You will always complete a total of 2 scored sets. Sometimes though, you will get an experimental set. That’s right. You’ll have another 3 listenings to do.

          First and foremost, you must take good notes as you listen actively throughout the entire listening. Many students struggle with this. They take either no notes--so they miss important information--or too many notes--so they sacrifice understanding and comprehension. No matter what, take notes. Build the skill and you will improve.

         

          Every now and then, a student will tell me that they score high and take no notes. They tell me that notes distract them. Immediately I think, well, you would score even higher if you did, but if your score is high enough, don’t change what works for you. However, if you’re reading this, then you want to get the best score that you can, so take notes.

          If you find that notes distract you, experiment with your notes. It’s like saying that exercise makes you weaker. Yes, in the beginning it might, but over time it builds your strength immensely and you can’t be as strong as you can be without it. I hope that analogy makes sense.

          Just as in the reading, the same question types will appear again and again in the listening section. The difference is that we don’t have a reading to refer to but only our notes and our memory. As a result, strategy for this question is not too intense but a general guide to aid in your choosing the correct answers. Below are the types.

 Main Idea, Detail, Choose 2 or 3 detail, Inference, Attitude, Purpose

 Read every answer choice and read each word carefully before choosing an answer. You are missing points because of this. Notice that there’s no modal there: may, might, could. It’s a fact: you are missing points because of this, so write that statement on your notes when you take the test and when you practice. Your score will improve if you remember this consistently and apply it for every single question.

Contoh Catatan Kaki

Penalaran otak orang itu luar biasa, demikian simpulan ilmuwan kerbau dalam makalahnya, namun mereka itu curang dan serakah .Adapun sebodoh-bodoh umat kerbau, sungguh menggelitik nurani kita. Benarkah bahwa makin cerdas maka makin pandai kita menemukan kebenaran, makin benar maka makin baik pula perbuatan kita? Apakah manusia yang mempunyai penalaran tinggi, lalu makin berbudi sebab moral mereka dilandasi analisis yang hakiki, ataukah malah sebaliknya: makin cerdas maka makin pandai pula kita berdusta? Menyimak masalah ini, ada baiknya kita memperhatikan imbauan Profesor Ace Partadiredja dalam pidato pengukuhannya selaku guru besar ilmu ekonomi di Universitas Gajah Mada, yang mengharapkan munculnya ilmu ekonomi yang tidak mengajarkan keserakahan.

Taufiq Ismail, Membaca Puisi, Taman Ismail Marzuki, 30-31 Januari 1980.

New Hope

Hello..
Saya Rama seorang pianis dan komposer.
Saya ingin mempersembahkan sebuah karya saya yang berjudul "New Hope"

Lagu ini menceritakan tentang sebuah harapan yang akan datang ketika mendapat sebuah musibah

Silahkan klik link dibawah ini untuk menikmati video saya

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRyqdxd0GWI

Kritik dan saran dapat disampaikan melalui email saya di : ramaadityaputra@gmail.com

Selamat menikmati :)

Portrait

Hello..
Saya Rama seorang pianis dan komposer.
Saya ingin mempersembahkan sebuah karya saya yang berjudul "Portrait"

Lagu ini menceritakan tentang seseorang yang sedang mengagumi sang pujaan hati.

Silahkan klik link dibawah ini untuk menikmati video saya

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwPlAveLSME

Kritik dan saran dapat disampaikan melalui email saya di : ramaadityaputra@gmail.com

Selamat menikmati :)

Butterfly

Hello..
Saya Rama seorang pianis dan komposer.
Saya ingin mempersembahkan sebuah karya saya yang berjudul "Butterfly"

Lagu ini menceritakan tentang seseorang yang sedang terjatuh dan berusaha bangkit dari keterpurukannya.

Silahkan klik link dibawah ini untuk menikmati video saya

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_2t0W3jUCI

Kritik dan saran dapat disampaikan melalui email saya di : ramaadityaputra@gmail.com

Selamat menikmati :)

When The Rain Falls

Hello..
Saya Rama seorang pianis dan komposer.
Saya ingin mempersembahkan sebuah karya saya yang berjudul "When The Rain Falls"

Lagu ini menceritakan tentang seseorang yang larut akan kesedihan,mengenang semua kenangan yang sudah dia lalui dan menunggu seseorang yang tak kunjung datang.

Silahkan klik link dibawah ini untuk menikmati video saya

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zwy9UOB4S0Q

Kritik dan saran dapat disampaikan melalui email saya di : ramaadityaputra@gmail.com
Selamat menikmati :)